Firm-level Technological Upgrading Process in Low-tech Industries: the case of Clothing Industry in Brazil

There is a considerable amount of research on technological upgrading and innovation. However, the majority studies tend to focus R&D patents aspects in high-tech industries. Seeking contribute rebalancing analysis, we examine how occurs path low-tech industry, clothing industry from emerging market. The industries represent around 90% economy countries, such as Brazil. design operationalized depth individual case study. findings show that even though characterized low-tech, has not remained technologically stagnant, developing innovative activities path-follower. although it can be considered innovative, shows little association with 4.0 technologies. questions biases extant policy debate towards certain types capabilities, industries, taxonomies limit understanding innovation catch-up different industrial settings.